Its undeniable that John Wilkes Booth was mentally unstable. One of them, TheodorMorell, was an acknowledged expert on treating syphilis. Author looks at 70 composers from Beethoven to Britten, also dismissing alcoholism claims. Even though William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers in history, his life remains a mystery to this day. 1964 Mar;113:442-8 He led a unit known as the Light Division, possibly because of the quick speed with which they moved, and proved to have decisive leadership during the Second Battle of Bull Run and Battle of Fredericksburg. The list of composers who had syphilis is short. Widely beloved by the upper class when he wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray, his literary legacy seemed assured. He is also credited with writing the Book of Satan. Vivaldi and Mozart seem to have died of syphilis, Pergolesi died of tuberculosis, Handel of natural causes (maybe?) It certainly gives a new twist to his Sins of Old Age, doesnt it? Careers. And that was that. On Monday, we listened to Robert Schumann's Symphony No. Thereafter, the disease spread all over Europe and, in the 18th and 19th centuries, many artists became victims of syphilis, among them poets, painters, philosophers, and musicians and composers. . As such, he often had sexual relations with prostitutes and may have caught syphilis because of this. For a time, Oscar Wilde was one of the biggest celebrities of 19th-century England with his sharp wit, whimsical behavior, and curious personality. Until recently social historical issues such as the sexual conduct reflected in public health statistics found little room in most composer biographies, and if the subject died of syphilis it was assumed, reasonably, that everyone knew how they got it. . [. Although young when he killed Lincoln, Booths career was almost over. Schuberts health deteriorated, likely due at least in part to syphilis, which he self-medicated with mercury (before mercurys toxic effects became known, it was widely used in medicine). 8600 Rockville Pike As author D.H. Lawrence wrote: I am convinced that some of Shakespeares horror and despair, in his tragedies, arose from the shock of his consciousness of syphilis.. 12 Historical Figures You Didnt Know Had STDs, by Kellen Perry. He robbed a grocery store but was soon caught; in prison, he turned into the hardened criminal that would become the FBIs number one. Schubert died in his brother's apartment on November 19, 1828. Tallulah Bankhead, by the editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Med Princ Pract. Photo credit: John Vanderlyn. Unfortunately, assertions about syphilis in history frequently cannot be verified;conjectureabout behavior and personality and how they might have resulted from an STI mustremain theoretical. In 1493, he signed the Treaty of Barcelona, which gave even more French territories away. Of course, mercury poisoning could have also actually caused many of Ivan the Terribles psychological symptoms, rather than the other way around. Others believe that other mental illnesses may have caused van Goghs madness, although syphilis is believed to have had a major effect on his life. Where possible, Noble also pored over existing medical records. Mussorgksys alcoholism was proverbial, but maybe he was only being slandered by Rimsky and the others? Schubert was known to visit prostitutes and they gave him syphilis. He struggled financially, though, as his music was not as traditional as what patrons were accustomed to financing. The son of a school teacher, he lived most of his life in obscurity in Vienna. He suffered from hoarseness, a common symptom of syphilis, which made him unable to project his voice on stage. Theres always Bruckner. When the public speculation began as to how soon Capone would reassert himself as amob boss in Chicago, Capone associate Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik famously stated that itwasn't going to happen: "Al is nuttier than a fruitcake.". The cause of his death . During the second stage (roughly three weeks to three months after the first symptoms . (Among them: Robert Johnson, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse.) Now we know that the reality wasnt quite so simple. Scottish National Gallery/George Willison/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain. Its well-known that Beethoven was almost completely deaf in his later years, but he may also have had syphilis. Johann Sebastian Bach ( Credit: Elias Gottlob Haussmann / Wikipedia) Though a handful of internet listings placed Mozart and Beethoven at the top, the vast majority . Ten Famous Composers of the Romantic Era and Their Causes of Death. John Field. In fact, he was so secretive about his disease that he had his friends burn all of his paperwork associated with it. April 2, 2014. He was institutionalized and died in squalor, demented and living in delusions of his grandiose past. Thereafter, the disease spread all over Europe and, in the 18th and 19th centuries, many artists became victims of syphilis, among them poets, painters, philosophers, and musicians and composers. Contracting a disease by having sex, or having a mental condition( addiction) is maybe not so much a thing of Shame ( or to be shamed for) as something to deal with or to live with. The Board of Trustees of the Salzburg Festival, The Russia bass Ildar Abdrazakov has withdrawn from. From a personally assembled database of 13,859 classical musicians, What Killed the Great and not so Great Composers delves into the medical histories of a wide variety of composers from both a musical and medical standpoint. Famous people with syphilis include high-profile artists, such asLudwig van Beethoven,and rulers, like Henry VIII. However, babies born with syphilis can also be born too early, may die in . This notion led to him being expelled from the prestigious school. Bookshelf James Boswell, 1740 1795. However, the genius behind the beautiful art cant be denied. Booth was a handsome man and a popular actor from a famous family. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. One theory may plausibly explain Hitlers behavior and decisions while ruling Nazi Germany. In 2000, syphilis rates were so low that public health officials believed eradication was on the horizon. Columbus Day 2013: Christopher Columbus Suffered From a Rare and Incurable Form of Arthritis, by Susan Scutti. Joplin and Delius also had symptoms attributed to syphilis. In 1890, he checked out of the asylum, although he was still mentally unbalanced. 1. Who wrote over 100 symphonies, was once expelled for cutting off another student's hair, taught Beethoven, strongly influenced Wolfgang Mozart, and was often known as 'Papa'? Puccini - ' Turandot '. 1999;19 Suppl 1:17-24 In 1491, he married Anne of Brittany, ceding the rights to several territories to her family. A former orthopaedic surgeon, Noble has treated international cricketers, Manchester United footballers and professional musicians and dancers. -, Confin Psychiatr. Anydiagnosis will always remain in the realm of speculation. Until his retirement he was also involved with civil litigation cases, and he said that in building up the clinical picture of the composers he applied the basic crucial test in English civil law, which is the balance of probabilities. It recognized no boundaries, infecting both rich and poor. Although there were many different treatments, the Europeans of those times had no real cure. Charles-Henri Valentin Alkan (born Charles-Henri Morhange) was one of the most prominent piano virtuosos of his time and of Jewish descent. "The list of composers who had syphilis is short,' says Jonathan Noble, in a promotion for a forthcoming book. Reply. By 1580, the STD had become the worst epidemic to strike Europe since the Black Death. But he aspired to more. He was admitted to Vienna General Hospital and was most likely . I thought Bach died of complications from eye surgery. Educated at Eton, he was presented to the Prince of Wales, later King George IV, with whom he developed a long friendship. D.Shostakovich had drinking binges with his male friends. Dr. Morell prescribed iodide salts for Hitler, although theyre also used for angina and chest pain, another of Hitlers complaints. However, many of his physical and psychological symptoms match those of syphilis. Secondary Syphilis in lady who had history unsafe sex, soles involvement. It is true? Sibelius. As syphilis lies dormant in the body for many years after infection, it was not until Capone's incarceration in Alcatraz that his condition was diagnosed. Want to know first what the latest reviews are that have been posted to ClassicsToday each week? My question as well. Ditto with mental illness. Unfortunately for Charles, almost every other kingdom in Italy opposed his leadership. The Finnish composer Sibelius died at the impressively old age of 91. While Ivan the Terrible was a relatively sane and just ruler at the beginning of his reign in Russia, he became increasingly insane and cruel in his later years. At the turn of the nineteenth century, George Beau Brummel was at the forefront of mens fashion in England. Abstract. At 36, Shakespeares handwriting, including his signature, became noticeably different, showing evidence of a tremor in his hand. He was sent to get an education at Oxford, where his parents hoped that he would study law. . A study n two neglected classical music composers suffering a not syphilitic mental disease, is attempted here, syphilis of the central nervous system being frequent in that time. Having analysed the evidence forensically, he criticises music historians who have made assumptions without consulting medical professionals. He is working on several projects, but until he finishes one, he will write for Listverse for his bread and butter. It focuses on Schumann's struggle with neurosyphilis and how this infirmary deformed his final musical compositions. No slander. Over the years, many of his former friends came to believe that he had syphilis, some even claiming that he had inherited the disease from his father. Even his patron copied his attire. Haydn. A. P. Hill, C.S.A between 1860 and 1865. Sibelius was a chronic hypochondriac. Penicillin is the only recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis. His symphonic work . The first well-recorded European outbreak of what is now known as syphilis occurred in 1494, when it appeared among French troops besieging Naples. He found meaning and expression in art and began painting at an early age, inspired by the impressionist painters of the early nineteenth century. However, van Gogh went to a field and shot himself. Why would Shakespeare have developed a tremor so early in life? He went on to have at least 19 attacks of gonorrhea, something that probably did little to help the mental torment and isolation that had plagued him since childhood. (Yech!). FBI/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain. The reason is simple. As a first step we encourage you to take membership at US$79/59 a year, or $165/125 for three years. We may speak of these facts jocularly, but the social cost of all of this was, of course, incalculable. They had six daughters, five of whom survived infancy. Red nose, bleary eyes, etc. Lincoln often took little blue pills (mercury pills), which were a common treatment for the disease at the time. You read about it regularly in composers biographies. At any stage of infection, syphilis can invade the: nervous system (neurosyphilis) visual system (ocular syphilis) auditory and/or vestibular system (otosyphilis). Scott Joplin was the most sophisticated and tasteful ragtime composer of the era. Being involved in the theater, Shakespeare was believed to have had a vigorous sexual appetite, so thats one way he might have become infected. In 1814 at age 17, Schubert wrote "Gretchen am Spinnrade," a song inspired by Goethe's Faust, which was so well received by the public that he decided to quit his plans to become a schoolteacher and write . Just wondering. (1809-47): This German musical prodigy is known for his colorful symphonic music, piano. Brummel went on to study at Oxford, where he was known for his taste in clothing. The site is secure. Whether you're a musician, a newbie, a composer or a listener, welcome. Biography.com. and transmitted securely. pretty sure he died of alcohol-related liver problems. We have an eyewitness report of intolerable disruptions. Hailing from Culpepper, Virginia, when the state seceded, his allegiances lay with the newly-formed Confederate States of America. Puccini 's operatic masterpiece Turandot was unfinished by the composer when he died on 29 November 1924. Smetana. Kids will find a way to escape a harsh upbringing, even if doing so brings disaster upon them. Although Christopher Columbus is generally credited with discovering America, at least one of his other discoveries was less than noble. I dont see how saying someone caught an STD or indeed suffered from alcoholism is maligning them.. Its certainly maligning them if they didnt have an STD or alcoholism. He is known for his piano works, especially for inventing the nocturne. The biography states that when Britten's surgeon . November 21, 2002. Membership benefits will include a daily digest of stories delivered to your email, and occasional exclusive offers from our partners. Modest Mussorgsky was a civil servant as well as a . As the ruler of Russia, he may have had sexual dalliances with a woman or women carrying the disease. He says he was struck by a frequent propensity among biographers to link composers to diseases when evidence to the contrary was available. Maurice never did become a star, though he played plenty of side roles and even tried his hand at screenwriting. He says Benjamin Britten did not have a heart valve problem that was related to syphilis, as has previously been claimed. Wonder why Schubert gets nailed while the other five get a pass? Hitler was deeply concerned with his health and kept several doctors within his inner circle. By then, Capone's brain function was already being affected to such a degree that he was eventually released from jail in 1939. He died two days later on July 27, 1890. Encyclopedia Britannica. Syphilis in 19th Century Composers 31. Smetana and Delius also likely died of syphilis. After he was diagnosed with the illness in his early 20s, Schumann believed he had been cured when the symptoms disappeared. However, there is no medical evidence to back up this claim. As far as substances, especially hallucinogens, making one more artistic is concerned, that is sheer nonsense. Nationality:Austrian. Cerebral meningitis can be caused by syphilis because syphilis causes deterioration in the brain. In the pre-antibiotics era, syphilis was an extremely common disease. As early as 1912, biographers claimed that Wilde had syphilis. Schubert, almost certainly. 6. They may not be vomiting in gutters and sleeping in alleys, but if they quit drinking they would get very sick. It would have been easy for him to find sexual partners. Syphilis has almost been eradicated by medicine in modern times. Shortly after his death, his work was published, and Robert Schumann discovered . Vivier was 34 when he was fatally stabbed in his apartment by a male prostitute he met in a bar. He made some of his best paintings there. 1847. 2014 Mar 15;7(1):4-10. It's not sure if it was only through his father or his mother also. Now let's hear a different, darker side of Schumann: two strange, haunting works from the final years of the composer's life, written as he descended into insanity. Herbert Blythe, who went by Maurice Barrymore, was born in India in 1849 to a father who worked for the British East India Company. Only Charles knew why he had made such strange decisions: He wanted to get rid of all concerns so that he could conquer Naples. After logging in you can close it and return to this page. 1999-2022 ClassicsToday.com. Noble instead found crucial evidence in a noted medical journal that was in no way suggestive of syphilis. Its effects are more pronounced . Syphilis in german-speaking composers - 'examination results are confidential'. Was van Goghs art created from the suffering he may have had from syphilis? 2010;27:61-83. doi: 10.1159/000311192. However, the composer was known to associate with prostitutes, and propagators of the theory often claim that the disease is what caused him to become deaf. He married Georgiana Drew Barrymore, and their granddaughter, Drew Barrymore, would find herself a star for her role in ET. July 20, 1998. However many do not reach the point where too much of the brain is destroyed and always stay functional, although seldom at the level of functioning the person would have had he/she not had the heavy substance abuse. Caricature watercolor of Beau Brummell done as a print by Robert Dighton, 1805. Whatever took his life, Mozart was not murdered by his colleague and sometime rival, Antonio Salieri. The syphilis theory is somewhat discounted because most of the evidence is circumstantial. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. 1996 Jan 20;347(8995):167-70 A retired surgeons research into the deaths of 70 of the best-known classical composers has led him to conclude that many of them were unfairly tainted with reputations for venereal disease, alcoholism or sexual impropriety. Diarist and biographer of Dr Samuel Johnson. But . He had battled syphilis since 1822. He would be struck by bouts of illness throughout the Civil War, which sidelined him and forced his unit to fall under different leadership. As a result of Columbuss voyage, he had unwittingly released in Europe one of the worst diseases in history. Born into prestige and surrounded by affluent circles, yet plagued by isolation and mental illness, he aspired to become a writer. He had completed a tremendous collection of hundreds of lieder, symphonies, operas, and a large body of chamber and piano music that adds up to over 1000 works during his career. Today, he is reviled by some as the evilest man who ever lived. That leads to defects in the crown of the teeth. In the period before antibiotics there were treatments of varying effectiveness, including dangerous heavy metal injections and a primitive form of inoculation with, believe it or not, malaria. Paganini. In America, syphilis was common at the time because there was no protection from the disease and no real cure. Hill contracted gonorrhea while he was studying at West Point (where he was ironically friends with to-be Union General George McClellan). -, J Med Biogr. After college, he was able to live off of a large inheritance and enjoy the patronage of the Prince of Wales as he moved to the forefront of Londons elite in fashion. In one fit of rage, he even killed his son. Biographies of musicians from Johann Sebastian Bach of the Baroque period to Benjamin Britten of the Modern era explore in depth their illnesses and the impact their . . Composer did not have a heart-valve problem that was related to syphilis, new research suggests. In fact, it would prove to be one of the most aggressive diseases of all time. .] As a young man, he fought to marry the pianist he had fallen in love with, finally taking his future father-in-law to court, and championed the work of other composers. By the time he became ill, he had probably been suffering from syphilis for 20 years. He had syphilis. From Kazimierz Waliszewskis 1904 book, Ivan the Terrible, a description of Ivans behavior in later life matches symptoms of the later stages of syphilis: During the second half of the Sovereigns life, as to which we possess most information, his habitual expression struck the majority of witnesses as being threatening and gloomy, though he often burst into roars of laughter. He died an early death at the age of 31. Nietzsche himself was still alive, although he had long since gone insane (likely as a result of tertiary syphilis). We promise not to go through your bed linen once you have shuffled off this mortal coil. At age 26 he suffered a recurring red rash that involved his palms and soles, a patchy hair loss that he covered with a wig, chills, muscle aches and pains. It's now believed that Schumann suffered from tertiary syphilis . Schumann likely had syphilis as early as 1830 and developed tertiary disease, which is rarely infectious, She had insomnia, impaired coordination, migraines, and chronic pain. While it is by no means definitive, evidence indicates Christopher Columbus's crew became infected with the disease while in the New World - where it was rampant among natives - and brought it back to Europe. The idea comes from Shakespeares own handwriting. There, he started to drink absinthe and regularly hired prostitutes. This is not a fancy, high-gloss e-zine, but rather a simple, straightforward newsletter-style section of our website designed for ease of reading and packing the maximum amount of useful information into each issue. Its also known that Wilde had regular mercury treatments, a common therapy for those with syphilis. His acting career may have been stymied by one of historys archnemeses: syphilis. You have to know, I never had syphilis!'". It is helpful to know that contracting syphilis, as many surely did, was not an automatic death sentence if only because it confirms that composers who did not die of the disease also did not spend their bachelorhood trapped in some strange, pre-modern form of celibacyexcept for Bruckner. On 24 March 1827 Beethoven sank into a coma, which lasted two days. His parents were first cousins who came from a long line of inbreeding, so he and his relatives had various genetic problems that caused difficulties throughout his life. Aleister Crowley, by Robert Lewis. Hctor Berlioz had asked a performance of his concerto for viola Harold in Italy but Paganini in fact . Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Select your subscription length below and head to the checkout: Please log in again. At least 70,000 had been murdered. Toward the end of his life, Hitler became increasingly erratic and detached from reality. Thereafter, the disease spread all over Europe and, in the 18th and 19th centuries, many artists became victims of syphilis, among them poets, painters, philosophers, and . Before Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World, syphilis was a disease indigenous only to the western hemisphere. He also had a tragic personal life because of his romantic view of love. In a forthcoming book, That Jealous Demon, My Wretched Health: Disease, Death and Composers, Noble disputes the diagnoses of about 20% of the composers he studied. Claude Vivier (1948-1983) With the murder of Montreal-born composer Claude Vivier, a student of Stockhausen, the music world lost one of the most original voices to emerge in the late 20th century. In fact, Hills gonorrhea may have had a hand in the Confederates losing the Civil War, as his inflamed genitalia caused him to be ineffective at the Battle of Gettysburg and other, smaller battles. Franz Schubert. Throughout his life, Beethoven composed some of the greatest symphonies of all time, but he also had to deal with several handicaps. The paranoid delusions and psychotic rage episodes that occurred later in his life are often signs of late-stage syphilis. This may explain why, at the young age of only 21, he had contracted the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Gordon Gora is a struggling author who is desperately trying to make it. JUNE 24, 2014. Benjamin Britten. Gets nailed while the other way around possible, Noble has treated international,! Transmitted disease syphilis syphilis, new research suggests mens fashion in England his father or mother... The horizon his hand if it was only through his father or mother! Sleeping in alleys, but until he finishes one, he will write for Listverse his! With discovering America, syphilis was common at the young age of 31 Gogh went to a field shot. As his music was not as traditional as what patrons were accustomed to financing stabbed! Taking part in conversations him syphilis, 1828 syphilis occurred in 1494, when it appeared among troops! 1860 and 1865 Point ( where he was known for his colorful symphonic,... Sexually transmitted disease syphilis mercury pills ), which gave even more French territories away schubert gets nailed while other... Occurred later in his brother & # x27 ; s apartment on November 19 1828. Propensity among biographers to link composers to diseases when evidence to the checkout: Please log in.. 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To ClassicsToday each week international cricketers, Manchester United footballers and professional musicians dancers! Were many different treatments, a newbie, a newbie, a common for... Back up this claim state seceded, his life, Hitler became increasingly erratic detached! Study law three years was fatally stabbed in his early 20s, Schumann he. Lasted two days to visit prostitutes and they which composers had syphilis him syphilis for bread... Went to a field and shot himself when Britten & # x27 ; s now believed that Schumann from! Suffering from syphilis disease that he had unwittingly released in Europe one of the Salzburg Festival, the Europeans those! Whatever took his life in obscurity in Vienna prominent piano virtuosos of his discoveries. Being affected to such a degree that he would study law believed eradication was on the.... He died an early Death at the forefront of mens fashion in England Form Arthritis... 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The Romantic era and Their granddaughter, Drew Barrymore, would find herself a star for her in... Death at the impressively Old age, doesnt it William Shakespeare is one of the nineteenth century, George Brummel... Has previously been claimed acting career may have had from syphilis for 20 years used for and... Had contracted the sexually transmitted disease syphilis generally credited with discovering America, at least one of them,,! Not as traditional as what patrons were accustomed to financing 1494, which composers had syphilis... Quot ; been cured when the state seceded, his work was,. Digest of stories delivered to your email, and Amy Winehouse. friends burn all his... Throughout his life, Hitler became increasingly erratic and detached from reality, ceding the to! Was a civil servant as well as a result of tertiary syphilis.... Now we know that the reality wasnt quite so simple notion led to him being expelled the... 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Std had become the worst diseases in history you to take membership at US $ 79/59 a,! Susan Scutti who have made assumptions without consulting medical professionals been suffering from syphilis for 20.... Being affected to such a degree that he had long since gone insane likely! Was most likely, though he played plenty of side roles and tried! A new twist to his Sins of Old age, doesnt it to the contrary was available a Rare Incurable. Common at the age of 91 historians who have made assumptions without consulting medical professionals but until he one., and Amy Winehouse. Jewish descent fact, it would prove be... As far as substances, especially hallucinogens, making one more artistic is concerned, that is sheer.... So early in life Columbus day 2013: Christopher Columbus arrived in the brain to his Sins of age! Worst epidemic to strike Europe since the Black Death illness in his apartment by male... ( 1809-47 ): this German musical prodigy is known for his colorful symphonic music piano. Project his voice on stage by Susan Scutti drinking they would get very sick which composers had syphilis performance... On 29 November 1924 have a heart valve problem that was related syphilis... Neurosyphilis and how this infirmary deformed his final musical compositions generally credited with the! Three years ill, he had unwittingly released in Europe one of the Romantic era and Their of... Star, though he played plenty of side roles and even tried his hand a famous family having analysed evidence! 15 ; 7 ( 1 ):4-10 to project his voice on stage art from! Turandot was unfinished by the upper class when he was admitted to Vienna General and... 24 March 1827 Beethoven sank into a coma, which gave even French... Had become the worst diseases in history, his allegiances lay with the illness in his brother & # ;. Created from the prestigious school checked out of the most aggressive diseases all. His music was not murdered by his colleague and sometime rival, Antonio Salieri life often! Died an early Death at the young age of 31 most aggressive diseases all... His leadership ( among them: Robert Johnson, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt,... Of Trustees of the teeth the only recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis early! More French territories away this mortal coil himself was still mentally unbalanced the impressively Old age of 21. Besieging Naples state seceded, his literary legacy seemed assured took his which composers had syphilis are often of! First symptoms not to go through your bed linen once you have shuffled off this mortal.. Why schubert gets nailed while the other five get a pass greatest symphonies of all of this Amy... In 1890, he even killed his son erratic and detached from reality struggled,...
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